Episode 18: Demystifying AI (with Nisansa de Silva)

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Show Notes

Not only did Nisansa appear as our guest in this episode, he compiled the show notes that follow, making them the most comprehensive set of show notes we have ever had on the podcast to date. We’d like to thank him for being so generous with his time and knowledge.

1. Artificial neural network: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_network#History
2. Artificial neuron: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neuron
3. Perceptron: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptron
4. Backpropagation: http://bit.ly/39qAdtO
5. Hill-climbing (Note from Nisansa: This term was used for the benefit of non-computer science people in place of Gradient Descent. Computer science people, put your scythes away.) Refer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_climbing and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_descent for the actual definitions.
6. Example of neural network with a memory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_short-term_memory
7. AGI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence
8. Transfer learning: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_learning
9. Fuzzy Logic: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_logic
10. AIML: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIML
11. Chinese Room: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_room
12. Expert system: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expert_system
13. AI is just If-Else comics: https://i.imgur.com/UkpWru4.jpg https://external-preview.redd.it/gJ6PpMqv58ehrQywr473RhcMoXbx_39uUHp20PuFHB4.jpg?auto=webp&s=c81360a3db680ed726d2db80e01f2e6081757576 and https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-89cfa17ca63ddac683e04f0852336e47.webp
14. Generalization in AI context: https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/crash-course/generalization/video-lecture
15. Brain vs Computers (Slides 21,22)  http://bit.ly/2sBvKUm
16. Google confirms ‘quantum supremacy’. Please note that at the time of recording, the news was brand new and we did not have much information about it. https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/23/20928294/google-quantum-supremacy-sycamore-computer-qubit-milestone
17. How Far Are We From Achieving Artificial General Intelligence?: https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2019/06/10/how-far-are-we-from-achieving-artificial-general-intelligence/#4d49a6de6dc4
18. NP-hard: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NP-hardness
19. Travelling salesman problem: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelling_salesman_problem
20. Reduction (complexity): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction_(complexity)
21. Here is a yet another reduction joke: https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1kid90/the_mathematicians_interview/
22. AI-hard: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI-complete
23. A more elaborate version of the mathematician vs the  engineer joke: https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/2ijugj/a_mathematician_and_an_engineer_agree_to_a/
24. Clarke’s three laws: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarke%27s_three_laws (Note from Nisansa: I wrongly say it is the second law when in fact it is the first law.)
25. Sentient:  https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sentient
26. Sapient: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sapient
27. Anthropocentrism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocentrism
28. Neanderthal extinction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal_extinction
29. Examples of other alien cultures building robots in their image can be found in Mass Effect (https://masseffect.fandom.com/wiki/Reaper vs https://masseffect.fandom.com/wiki/Leviathan) and in Star Wars (https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Battle_droid vs https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Geonosian)
30. Turing test: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_test
31. Westworld: https://www.hbo.com/westworld
32. Trolley problem: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolley_problem
33. The Moral Machine experiment: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0637-6
34. Why do all alternate universes have zeppelins: https://sententiaesite.wordpress.com/2019/12/30/why-do-all-alternate-universes-have-zeppelins/
35. Hindenburg disaster: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindenburg_disaster
36. Hierarchical clustering: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_clustering
37. The Chinese room problem: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_room
38. Uncanny valley: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncanny_valley 
39. CATS – Official Trailer [HD] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtSd844cI7U 
40. ‘The Lion King’ Official Trailer (2019) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Raf9bVk75s8
41. Cats MusicalStage production example – Memory https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-L6rEm0rnY
42. Sophia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_(robot)
43. OpenCog: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenCog
44. Ben Goertzel: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Goertzel
45. Ex Machina (film): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex_Machina_(film)
46. “Dial “F” for Frankenstein” by Arthur C. Clarke in “The Wind from the Sun”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wind_from_the_Sun
47. SETI@home: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI@home
48. BotNet: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botnet
49. Person of Interest (TV series): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person_of_Interest_(TV_series)
50. 2001: A Space Odyssey: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey
51. Terminator: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminator_(franchise)
52. Occam’s razor: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam%27s_razor
53. Mass Effect: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_Effect
54. Star Wars Droids: https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Droid
55. L3-37 https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/L3-37 (Not from Nisansa: Another mistake by me.  L3-37 is not from Rouge-One. She is from Solo.)
56. The Measure Of A Man (episode): https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/The_Measure_Of_A_Man_(episode)
57. Author, Author (episode): https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Author%2C_Author_(episode)
58. Hyperion Cantos: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperion_Cantos
59. Marvin the Paranoid Android: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_the_Paranoid_Android
60. Gorilla uses SIGN LANGUAGE to tell zoo goers not to feed it: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5847241/Cheeky-monkey-Gorilla-uses-SIGN-LANGUAGE-tell-zoo-goers-not-feed-it.html
61. Washoe (chimpanzee): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washoe_(chimpanzee)#Self-awareness_and_emotion 
62. Chimp who ‘talked’ with sign language heartbreaking reaction to keeper’s miscarriage: https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/us-news/chimp-who-talked-sign-language-14993695
63. The Animatrix: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Animatrix
64. The Naked Now (episode): https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/The_Naked_Now_(episode)
65. Ship of Theseus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_of_Theseus
66. “No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it’s not the same river and he’s not the same man.” – Heraclitus: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/117526-no-man-ever-steps-in-the-same-river-twice-for
67. Krang: https://turtlepedia.fandom.com/wiki/Krang
68. Moral nihilism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_nihilism
69. To build a moral rocket: https://sententiaesite.wordpress.com/2017/07/14/to-build-a-moral-rocket/
70. Victorian Hypocrisy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_morality
71. “Kill all humans”: https://theinfosphere.org/Kill_all_humans
72. Bender Bending Rodriguez: https://futurama.fandom.com/wiki/Bender_Bending_Rodr%C3%ADguez
73. The Kobayashi Maru scenario: https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Kobayashi_Maru_scenario
74. Knocker uppers: Waking up the workers in industrial Britain: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-35840393
75. Luddite: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luddite
76. Goldman Sachs analysis of autonomous vehicle job loss: https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/22/goldman-sachs-analysis-of-autonomous-vehicle-job-loss.html
77. Autonomous vehicles won’t only kill jobs. They will create them, too: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/10/autonomous-vehicles-are-creating-jobs-heres-where.html
78. Turning Coal Miners Into Coders–And Preventing A Brain Drain: https://www.forbes.com/sites/annefield/2017/01/30/turning-coal-miners-into-coders-and-preventing-a-brain-drain/#639f3b0ff81d
79. “Learn to Code”  meme origin: https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/katienotopoulos/should-you-learn-to-code
80. “Learn to Code”  meme: https://www.dailywire.com/news/heres-where-learn-code-meme-originated-hint-not-ashe-schow
81. This Horrifying App Undresses a Photo of Any Woman With a Single Click: https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/kzm59x/deepnude-app-creates-fake-nudes-of-any-woman
82. Generative Adversarial Network (GAN): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_adversarial_network
83. Prohibition in the United States: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States
84. How Prohibition Put the ‘Organized’ in Organized Crime: https://www.history.com/news/prohibition-organized-crime-al-capone
85. “A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it.” – Max Planck, (Note from Nisansa: I mistakenly attribute this to Niels Bohr instead of Max Planck)
86. [Westworld] Ford and Bernard “Mistakes”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hra3U_C56w
87. Childhood’s End: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood%27s_End
88. WALL-E: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WALL-E

Photo by Brett Jordan on Unsplash